暑假接近尾声，2018年中考伴随着新初三的开学也正式开始进入复习备考阶段。开学的第一个月的复习重点也就是第一轮复习的重点主要是基础知识点的攻克，对基础知识点进行梳理归类。要知道中考内容起码百分之六十的得分点都是考察队基础知识点的掌握，不管是简单或者复杂的题目，所依靠的都是这些知识点。新东方优能中学为您整理2018中考第一轮复习基础知识点，为中考第一步加油助力。获取更多中考资讯，敬请关注新东方优能中学。

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.

25.   Before the bridge-tunnel opened on October 31, 2009, Chongming Island was only accessible _____ferry.

A. to                            B. on                    C. in                                   D. by

26. The patient has tried quite a few kinds of medicine, but _____ had any effect on his disease.

A. none             B. nothing        C. neither           D. no one

27. Do you like this part of the town, the so-called desired area?

   On the contrary, it’s the ____ area that I want to visit in town.

A. best             B. first           C. last             D. Least

28. More than 52 types of new weapon systems _____ with China’s own technology were displayed in the National Day military parade.

A. developing       B. developed      C. being developed    D. to be developed

29. Dried foods are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, _____ little storage space.

A. which have      B. which has      C. who have         D. that has

30. For me, living a low-carbon life means ______public transportation to school.

A. to make        B. taking          C. take            D. taken

31. Under some special circumstances, some of the blind infants_______react to sound of their mother with a smile, though their response was very slow.

A. were able to    B. could          C. would          D. should

32. During the 64 years since the founding of the New China, we ______ through millions of ups and downs.

A. will go        B. have gone      C. went          D. are gone

33. ______having hundreds of online “friends” is great, our real and closest connections still lie with those who are a part of our daily life.

A. As           B. Once          C. While         D. When

34. ---I’m frustrated after so many failures. I can’t see any hope.

   ---Behind every misfortune _________!

A. lies an opportunity         B. does an opportunity lie

C. an opportunity lies         D. is an opportunity lying

35. For the last two mornings, thousands of campaigners have queued for hours ____ access to the conference venue(地点) -----many unsuccessfully.

A. to gain       B. gaining       C. to have gained   D. having gained

36. As a basketball player, I always keep in mind that it’s not the winning, but the taking part_____counts.

A. what        B. when        C. that           D. /

37. ______ for years, the house designed by an Italian architect finally collapsed.

A. Having neglected  B. Being neglected   C. To be neglected  D. Having been neglected

38. The gas works near the town ____ newly built, which provides convenience to the inhabitants there.

A. was        B. are          C. were          D. had been

39. It is in this lecture hall ______ we used to have celebration that the farewell party will be held.

A. /          B. that        C. where        D. which

40. In the end, the self-important man had to admit that he had no idea of ______influence this incident would have on the life in the ocean.

A. that       B. whether    C. how         D. what

25.D 26.A 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.C 40.D

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. influence   B. devoted   C. physically   D. circumstance   E. affected  F. overall    G. financially   H. decision    I. positive    J. strive

Happiness, according to the Oxford English dictionary, is based on luck or good fortune. Joy on the other hand, is described as a vivid emotion of pleasure. Thus, happiness depends on __41__; joy, on our emotional well-being.

If you know joyful people, you will probably notice common traits among them. Joyful people are often healthy, both __42__ and mentally; they value strong __43__ relationships, and they don’t allow the extremes of life -- sudden highs or sudden lows -- to __44__ them too much. Joyful people lead a more stable life. But these abilities do not just arrive; they have to be worked at.

Teaching ourselves to be joyful may be one of the greatest things we can do to enhance our __45__ health. However, it is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not __46__ by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must __47__ to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives. One way to start is to make a __48__ to wake up every morning and find joy in our lives. Think about a special person or a __49__ pet. It is our choice to be joyful or fearful. Let’s take the time to train ourselves to be joyful -- our lives will be both happier and healthier for it.

41.D 42.C 43.I 44.A 45.F 46.E 47.J 48.H 49 I

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The US Department of Labor statistics show that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers. And this oversupply is___50___. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other specialists. Yet, colleges and graduate schools continue every year to ___51___ highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren’t there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the ___52___ for which they were trained, and they must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree and these temporary jobs are most probably becoming ___53___ ones in the severe labor markets.

____54____, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sports: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can handle. As a result, their ___55___ are often higher than those of college graduates. The old concept that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now is ___56___ the skilled workmen.

The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that ___57___ is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life ___58___ with a college degree. Parents begin brainwashing their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for ___59___ rather than for life. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn’t matter: everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. Under this pressure, the kids have to go to college, but, unfortunately, most kids ___60___ in the starting line. In spite of this, every year college enrollments(入学) go up and up, and more and more graduates are ___61___ for the kinds of jobs available to them.

One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college where they do not ___62___. Half of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year because of their___63___ academic performances. Some ___64___ for two or three years and then join the other students who drop out. It’s high time we stopped to rethink our education system.

50. A. declining     B. increasing     C. dropping      D. decreasing

51. A. turn out      B. take over      C. lay off        D. come across

52. A. universities   B. courses       C. classrooms     D. professions

53. A. profitable    B. favorite       C. permanent      D. excellent

54. A. All in all                    B. For the time being    

C. On the other hand             D. In the first place

55. A. abilities      B. expectations   C. ambitions     D. incomes

56. A. in favor of    B. useful to      C. superior to    D. responsible for

57. A. profession-training             B. college degree

   C. working skill                  D. social ability

58. A. hardly       B. gradually      C. equally       D. curiously

59. A. labor        B. work          C. graduation    D. college

60. A. fail         B. remain         C. hesitate      D. pause

61. A. under-estimated                B. over-educated

   C. wrongly-assessed               D. properly-trained

62. A. stay         B. enroll         C. belong       D. pay

63. A. admirable    B. successful      C. outstanding   D. unsatisfactory

64. A. struggle on   B. break down     C. give up      D. call off

50.B 51.B 52.D 53.C 54.C 55.D 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.A

 Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

Robert Spring, a 19th century forger , was as good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 

1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospered by selling his    small but genuine of early U.S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ban Franklin and writing them on the title pages of  old books. To lesson the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation .

Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can't approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and   they can treat paper and ink with chemicals. 

After the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable   maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of general "Stonewall" Jackson. Forseveral years, Miss Fanny's financial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and        manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand.  All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eye experts the difficult task of separating this forgeries from the originals. 

65. Why did Spring sell his false autographs in England and Canada? 

A. There was a greater demand there than in America.

B. There was less chance of being detected there. 

C. Britain was Spring's birthplace. 

D. The price were higher in England and Canada. 

66. After the Civil War, there was a great demand in Britain for ___. 

A. Southern money w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 

B. signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin 

C. Southern manuscripts and letters 

D. Civil War battle plans 

67. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Robert Spring made his living for 15 years by running a bookstore in Philadelphia.

B. Robert Spring was a forger from the very beginning.

C.Forgeries are usually sold to people who are not experts.

D.Robert Spring left a big fortune after his death.

68.Who was Miss Fanny Jackson?

A. The only daughter of General "Stonewall" Jackson. 

B. A little-known girl who sold her father's papers to Robert Spring. 

C. Robert Spring's daughter. 

D. An imaginary person created by Robert Spring.

65.B 66.C 67.C 68.D

(B)

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69.   THE SHOP card offers         

A. discounts at all shops

B. free parking at all hours for all members

C. free brunch for all members once a month

D. foot reflexology with-$300 spent within a single month

70.   A Marchbank gold card holder who applies on August 5 pays          for a two-year diamond membership card

A. $ 1,750          B. $ 2,000            C. $3,000           D. $3,250

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A. calling up card consultants                           

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69.C 70.C 71.D

（C）

It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they 

assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of 

speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.         In Greece, after the sixth century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and 

the landed aristocrats,  and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of 

“middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was 

divided into three main classses which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the   total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the 

“metics”, who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into sub classes.

In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers” or city merchants and mayors. These were   the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station  in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas,  where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.

With the breakup of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers, the commercial and professional middle class became more and more importa-nt in Europe, and the older privileged class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its  power. 

72. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____. 

A. to define the term social class does not involve much difficulty 

B. there is much alternation in people’s social classes 

C. to evaluate a person’s social class is a very complex procedure 

D. we can tell which social class a person belongs to by the way he behaves 

73. In Line4 Paragraph 1, “criteria” most probably means ____. 

A. standards of judgment B. ways C. criticism D. characteristic 

74. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? 

A. Slaves in Greece in the sixth century B.C. were not politically significant. 

B. The “burghers” of the later Middle Ages constituted an entirely new social class.

C. To some extent, social mobility can be attributed to the growth of trade.

D. The new class made up of traders and executive officials of the later Middle Ages made the development of a money economy possible.

75. The best title of the passage might be ____. 

A. The Criteria for Classifying Social Groups 

B. Social Classes 

C. Changes in Social System 

D. The Evolution of Human Society 

72.C 73.A 74.D 75.B

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

 

A. Train conflict-management B. Teach mutual respect C. Guide children by personal examples D. Recognize the existence of sibling conflict E. Show appreciation for who your child is F. Do not play favorites

76.

Sibling conflict is as old as Cain and Abel, as legendary as Cinderella and her stepsisters and can be as deadly as the daughters of King Lear. Parents should know the battles are inevitable and must prepare their kids to defuse potentially ugly situations. And there will be times when parents must come to a child’s defense and say, “We are family, and we will not say anything that doesn’t build up one another. We will respect each other.” Use following tips for encouraging kindness in the home:

77.

Do not allow your children to insult one another. Words are extremely powerful, and snide comments can damage deeply. Experts say every negative comment needs at least five positive remarks to even out. Teach your children to be kind and to appreciate each other. Encourage your  kids to see each other’s talents. Through recognizing these unique strengths, they will be able to work together well.

78.

Sibling rivalry usually originates from a child feeling that the other sibling is loved more, and in some cases when parents are being substantively unfair or show favoritism toward one child, this indeed may be the problem. In Genesis, we see the damage done by Jacob’s favoritism of Joseph. Remember that all children are created equal, but not all children are the same. Recognize and praise each child’s individual skills, strengths and accomplishments without implying that one child is somehow better. Be sure each child receives adequate parental interest and quality time.

79.

Do not deny your child’s feelings, but help him learn to express emotions in an appropriate way. If you see your child acting jealously, encourage him to identify the emotion by saying, “I understand that you feel bad because…” or “I know you hurt because…” Helping your children figure out the causes of their actions will help them learn how to deal with problems in the future.

80.

Most parents realize children imitate what they see, so look at the example you set. Do you compete with your siblings? Or do you consistently show kindness to your brothers and sisters? By checking your actions, you can be better prepared to show your children how to emerge the best of friends following the inevitability of a little sibling conflict.

76.D 77.B 78.F 79.A 80.C

Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Bullying(欺凌)can take a variety of forms, from the verbal or called hurtful names to the physical, being kicked or hit as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Whitney Snider found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, and about one in ten cases were persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly hard to deal with.

Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to self-murdering, though this is thankfully rare. Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent and convicted (有罪的) of anti-social offence.

Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. "There is no bullying at this school" has been a common saying, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying, "There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it."

Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the seriousness of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help handle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, in Scotland Guidelines for Countering Bullying and Behaviour in Post-primary School was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted "before and after" evaluations of interventions (干预) in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that over a two-year period, bullying was halved.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

81. A recent survey found that in British secondary schools______________________________.

82. Bullying will have a harmful effect on both__________________________________.

83. What reflects the change in schools' attitude towards bullying?

84. What was the result of the research carried out in Norway?

81. there was less bullying (than in primary schools)

82. bullied / victimizedC children)and bullying children.

the bullied / victimized (children) and those who bully others.

83. They admitted that bullying existed there. (They admitted that there was bullying there. ) They don't deny the problem (of bullying).

84. Bullying was halved (after an anti—bullying campaign).

Bullying declined / decreased by 50% (after an anti—bullying campaign).

 

第Ⅱ卷（共45）

Ⅰ. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 他意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。(aware)

2. 应该鼓励孩子在班级活动中扮演重要角色。（role）

3. 为了满足居民需要，这所学校的图书馆在周末向公众开放。（accessible）

4. 在这些情况下，重要的不是结果，而是你是否享受了这个过程。（matter）

5. 学习语法规则是必须的，但是对学生来说更重要的是提高运用英语进行交际的能力。（what）

 

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 – 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

下表是对某校高三学生填报志愿依据的调查。请简要描述该表，说明你会如何报志愿，并简述理由。

Reason	Percentage
Needs of society	45%
Teachers’ or parents’ advice	20%
Personal interest	35%