【雅思阅读】雅思阅读备考指导3则（二）

Another report disclosed the fact that the foremost technical designers and engineers in Silicon Valley are almost all practicing musicians.

 A third report reveals that the schools who produced the highest academic achievement in the United States today are spending 20 to 30% of the day on the arts, with special emphasis on music. Included are St. Augustine Bronx elementary school, which, as it was about to fail in 1984, implemented an intensive music program. Today 90% of the students are reading at or above grade level.

 Davidson School in Augusta, Georgia (grades 5-12), which began its music and arts program in 1981, is #1 academically in the country. Ashley River Elementary in Charleston, North Carolina is #2 academically, second only to a school for the academically gifted.

 I personally experienced the relationship between music and scholarship when I was director of the Seattle Creative Activities Center many years ago. At that time, we did not have the research at hand to explain why many children who were taking music and painting classes suddenly began to excel in math at school. Other children began to improve in their language arts skills.

 Today, the research emerging from the cognitive sciences gives us useful information to explain those connections. As a result of technology which allows us to see the human brain while it is in the process of thinking, we can observe, for example, t hat when people listen to melodies with a variety of pitch and timbre, the right hemisphere of the brain is activated. It also "lights up" when people play music by ear. When, however, people learn to read music, understand key signatures, notation, and other details of scores, and are able to follow the sequence of notes, then the left hemisphere "lights up." Significantly, it is activated in the same area that is involved in analytical and mathematical thinking.

三 指导3

王楠楠:雅思阅读中独立主格的构成类型和语法功

独立主格结构是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。

 I．构成类型

(1)名词／代词+分词：

 It being Sunday，you needn’t go to work．

 This done，he locked the door and went home．

 He sat in front of them，his dusty face masking his age．

(2)名词／代词+不定式：

 I send you today three-fourths of the sum，the rest to follow within a month.

 The two parties reached an agreement on basic principles，the details to be ironed out(调解)later．

 (3)名词／代词+形容词：

 The floor wet and slippery，we stay outside．

 The children were watching the magic trick，their eyes wide open．

 (4)名词／代词+副词：

 School over，the students ran out of the class．

 Dinner over，the family scattered to their various haunts．

 (5)名词／代词+介词短语：

 We came out of the classroom，hand in hand．。

 The teacher entered the classroom，a book under his arm．

 (6)There+being+...:

 There being no bus，we had to walk home．

 (7)With／without+名词／代词+分词(不定式／副词/形容词/介词短语)：

 Without anyone noticing，I slipped through the door．

 The park is beautiful with all the trees putting on a tender green．

 With these help him，he tried to finish the work．

 Ⅱ．语法功能

 (1)时间状语：

 All the members having arrived，the meeting was declared open．

 The report having been read, a lively discussion began．

 With a lot problem solved，the manage left the office．

 (2)原因状语：

 There being no bus．we had to walk home．

 so many people being absent，the meeting had to be called off．

 All the money having been spent，Jack startled looking for work．

 (3)条件状语：

 With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

 The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back．

 He sat in front row，his mouth open，his head thrust forward so as to miss any word.

 (4)方式、伴随状语：

 With the tree growing tall，we got more shade．

The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

 He sat in front row，his mouth half open, his head thrust forward so not to miss any word.

 (5)对比, 补充说明：

 We went shopping，he reading in the bed.

 We a11 went home, he remaining behind.

 The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying fro food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiffening from sitting.

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