雅思阅读考试复习指南

　　e.g. It is believed to have originated among the Egyptians， probably before 4000B.C.， and was used by them for more than 30 centuries. Seventeenth-century attempts to preserve anatomical specimens brought about modern techniques of embalming， the preservation of the body tissue after death by artificial chemical means.

　　The word embalming in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. death by a chemical means

　　B. the preservation of body tissue

　　C. a common agent related to formaldehyde

　　D. the replacement of body fluids

　　4)从句

　　e.g. The Pueblo Indians are those who dwell in pueblos， a name derived from the Spanish word for village. The pueblo is usually built against the face of a cliff and generally consists of connected houses rising in a series of receding terraces. The roof of one house is the yard or patio of the next house. The kiva， where Pueblo Indians hold their secret ceremonies， is entered by an opening in the roof…

　　The word kiva in the passage is closest in meaning to _____. (印第安人举行宗教仪式、开会、工作、休息等用的大圆屋)

　　A. patio

　　B. ceremonial room

　　C. series of terraces

　　D. Pueblo Indian village

　　5)罗列

　　e.g. If someone is said to have “a chip on his shoulder”， he is angry， pugnacious， sullen， and looking for trouble.

　　The word pugnacious in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. friendly

　　B. aggressive

　　C. sociable

　　D. responsible

　　6)举例 (like， such as， for example， for instance)

　　e.g. However， for outdoor enthusiasts who want to get far from civilization， choosing camping paraphernalia such as tents， sleeping bags， cooking implements and other supplies should be done with care.

　　The word paraphernalia in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. friendly

　　B. aggressive

　　C. sociable

　　D. responsible

　　7)对比/比较(but， however， whereas， on the other hand， despite， in spite of ， or， rather， alternatively， nevertheless， unlike， while， conversely， in contrast， instead， on the contrary， differently)

　　e.g. The campanile is chiefly a medieval form of Italian architecture. Built in connection with a church or town hall， it served as a belfry， watchtower， and sometimes a civil monument. Unlike other bell towers that are attached to buildings， the campanile generally stand s as detached unit.

　　The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. church

　　B. town hall

　　C. tower

　　D. unit

　　8)标点符号(，-()‘’“”[])

　　e.g. At the age of 19， Galileo discovered isochronism—the principle in which each oscillation of a pendulum takes the same time despite changes in amplitude.

　　The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. a principle

　　B. an oscillation

　　C. a pendulum

　　D. an amplitude

　　9)指代关系

　　e.g. Many weeds are also hosts for disease-causing organisms. At least 50 different weed species fight off competitors by emitting toxins from their roots， leaves， or seeds. These poisons do their work in a variety of ways， such as inhibiting germination of seeds and destroying photosynthesis abilities.

　　The word toxins in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. roots

　　B. leaves

　　C. seeds

　　D. poisons

　　10)关键词

　　e.g. … nonresidential design concerns public spaces such as concert hall， banks， offices， building lobbies， theater， restaurants， hotels， and religious buildings. Many contract designers specialize in one or more of these areas. Accessories add interest to a room. They can accent or highlight an area and give a room beauty and personality.

　　The word accessories in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

　　A. things that build a house

　　B. things that destroy a room

　　C. things that improve a room

　　D. things that coat a house

　　语境线索

　　1)狭义语境线索

　　在一个句子范围内，该词语前后的语言单位(该词语所属的语法结构)。

　　1. The house was surprisingly sound， though it was more than two hundred years old.

　　2. These people are mentally sound， but physically handicapped.

　　3. Industrial expansion is a very sound investment in present society.

　　4. In the end， the enemy force suffered a sound defeat and soon withdrew from the front.

　　5. I believe that it‘s sound for boys and girls to have basically the same education.

　　6. Fortunately， my wife was safe and sound after her ordeal.

　　2)广义语境线索

　　超越一个句子范围，它可以是句群、段落、章节甚至整篇文章。

　　A statesman is a wise， experienced and respected political leader.

　　“Mothers may still want their favorite sons to grow up to be President， but . . . they do not want them to become politicians in the process”